Resurgence of Piracy and Regional Diplomacy: Somalia’s Latest Challenges

In recent weeks, Somalia has witnessed a resurgence of piracy off its coast, reminiscent of the early 2010s when such incidents were rampant. On February 18, 2025, suspected Somali pirates seized a Yemeni fishing dhow near the town of Eyl. This attack came just ten days after a similar incident involving another Yemeni fishing vessel. The European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) Atalanta is currently investigating these incidents. While piracy had significantly declined due to increased naval patrols and efforts by the Somali government, recent regional instabilities, including conflicts in the Red Sea corridor, have contributed to this resurgence. In 2024 alone, seven piracy-related incidents were reported in the region.

Concurrently, diplomatic efforts are underway to address regional disputes. On February 18, 2025, top diplomats from Ethiopia and Somalia commenced technical talks in Ankara, Turkey, aiming to resolve tensions arising from a deal between Ethiopia and Somaliland. The contentious agreement involved Ethiopia leasing land from Somaliland for a marine force base in exchange for recognizing Somaliland’s independence—a move Somalia contends violates its sovereignty. These discussions, facilitated by Turkey, seek a solution that respects Somalia’s territorial integrity while addressing Ethiopia’s access to the sea. A follow-up round of talks is scheduled for March.

In parallel, security operations against militant groups continue. On February 16, 2025, U.S. Africa Command conducted an airstrike against ISIS-Somalia in coordination with the Federal Government of Somalia. This operation targeted ISIS operatives in the Golis mountains, aiming to disrupt the group’s capacity to plan and execute terror attacks. Initial assessments indicate multiple terrorists were eliminated, with no civilian casualties reported.

These developments underscore the complex interplay of security challenges and diplomatic efforts in Somalia. The resurgence of piracy, regional disputes, and ongoing counterterrorism operations highlight the multifaceted issues the nation faces. Addressing these challenges requires sustained international collaboration, robust security measures, and continuous diplomatic engagement to promote stability and peace in the region.